Design and Development of Novel Drug Delivery Systems of Resveratrol for Treatment of Psoriasis

Abstract

Plaque Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is particularly characterized by abnormal proliferation and disrupted differentiation of keratinocytes along with reverse occurrence of inflammatory lesions and neovascularization. Being an autoimmune disease, it is manifested by immunological and biochemical alteration and thus activates immune cells. Thus, it is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers, chemokines, growth factors, and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. Cytokines play an essential role in the pathophysiology of psoriatic like a skin condition. The treatment options include topical therapy, phototherapy, and systemic therapy. For severe cases, systemic therapy along with topical therapy is recommended. Systemic therapy includes corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporine or retinoids. The use of these drugs systemically or topically results in much severe toxicity like renal and hepatic toxicity, etc as well as patient noncompliance. Among all the available treatments, none approach can cure completely, safely, and effectively. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, mainly originates from berries, grapes, and red wine. It has been reported to show potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol is a known activator of sirtuin genes especially SIRT1 present in the skin which leads to modulation in immune cells and decreases proliferation and promotes differentiation. Along with it, it has inherent antioxidant property, thus it possesses strong chemopreventive as well as antipsoriatic effects.

Plaque Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is particularly characterized by abnormal proliferation and disrupted differentiation of keratinocytes along with reverse occurrence of inflammatory lesions and neovascularization. Being an autoimmune disease, it is manifested by immunological and biochemical alteration and thus activates immune cells. Thus, it is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers, chemokines, growth factors, and cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. Cytokines play an essential role in the pathophysiology of psoriatic like a skin condition. The treatment options include topical therapy, phototherapy, and systemic therapy. For severe cases, systemic therapy along with topical therapy is recommended. Systemic therapy includes corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs such as cyclosporine or retinoids. The use of these drugs systemically or topically results in much severe toxicity like renal and hepatic toxicity, etc as well as patient noncompliance. Among all the available treatments, none approach can cure completely, safely, and effectively. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, mainly originates from berries, grapes, and red wine. It has been reported to show potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol is a known activator of sirtuin genes especially SIRT1 present in the skin which leads to modulation in immune cells and decreases proliferation and promotes differentiation. Along with it, it has inherent antioxidant property, thus it possesses strong chemopreventive as well as antipsoriatic effects.